雙語教學的光譜與對策

Pedagogical Spectrum and Suggestions for Bilingual Teaching

為了提升孩子的全球移動力與國際競爭力，世界通用語—英語順理成章成為必備的溝通能力，雙語教學一詞也在此需求下，常被簡化為提升英語能力的解決之道。本文旨在釐清雙語教學的定義，說明其主要目標應是協助學生在課堂當下學得好，並培育學生未來發展的能力。此外，文中亦分析雙語教學的優勢與限制，且回顧有效的雙語教學策略（例如語碼轉換、搭建鷹架、善用媒介、運用第二語言小達人等），進而提出雙語教學的光譜圖，強調中英語言使用比例與鷹架之重要。最後，針對雙語教學實施的對策（例如師資養成、專業成長、教材發展、學校行政、政府政策等面向）提出建言，期能建立理想的雙語教學模式。

In order to enhance children’s global mobility and international competitiveness, English as a lingua franca of the world has naturally become an essential communication tool. Under this demand, the term “bilingual teaching” is often simplified as a way to improve students’ English ability. This paper aims to clarify the definition of bilingual teaching, stating that its main goal is to help students learn well in the classroom and cultivate their ability for future development. In addition, the pros and cons of bilingual teaching are analyzed, and the strategies for effective bilingual teaching (i.e., code-switching, scaffolding, media-using, L2 experts, etc.) are reviewed, followed by a pedagogical spectrum of bilingual teaching, emphasizing the proportion of Chinese and English and the importance of scaffolding in teaching. Finally, regarding the implementation of bilingual teaching (such as teacher training, professional growth, teaching material development, school administration, government policies, etc.), some suggestions are proposed to establish an ideal bilingual teaching model.