幼兒自主學習歷程教與學的訪談分析

An Interview Analysis of Teaching and Learning in Young Children’s Self- Regulated Learning Process

教育部於2017年發布的《幼兒園教保活動課程大綱》中，強調「增進幼兒自主學習的能力」、「給予幼兒足夠的時間去探索與經歷完整的學習歷程」。本研究探討幼兒自主學習的歷程，以詮釋課程大綱所稱「完整的學習歷程」。採取文獻分析法與訪談研究法，訪談三名幼兒教師，請其省思引導幼兒在解決問題時「解決什麼問題？」、「如何解決？」、「解決問題的狀況？」、「如何解決得更好？」等四個問題的教學重點。經訪談後發現，養成幼兒自主學習習慣相當重要，從幼兒解決日常生活問題切入自主學習較佳，幼兒自主學習歷程可分為四階段，但有其彈性，幼兒自主學習歷程的四階段可再細分步驟，以及幼兒自主學習歷程教師「教」、學生「學」的重點可供參酌。最後，本研究提出四項提升幼兒自主學習能力的建議，分別為引導幼兒自主學習可採取四階段的自主學習歷程、營造成功的情境與機會、提高學習動機以養成幼兒的自主學習態度、涵養自主學習習慣奠基幼兒一生的自主學習。

In the “ECEC curriculum framework (Taiwan, R.O.C.)” released by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan in 2017, it emphasizes “enhancing children’s ability of self-regulated learning” and “giving children enough time to explore and experience a complete learning process.” Therefore, this paper is to explore the course of children’s self-regulated learning to explain the “complete learning course” mentioned in the syllabus. Using the methods of literature analysis and interview research, this paper interviewed three current kindergarten teachers and asked them to think about “what problems should be solved?”, “How to solve the problem?”, “the state of problem-solving?”, and “How to solve the problem better?” when guiding children to solve problems. The focus of teaching and learning on the four issues. After the interview, it was found that it is very important to develop children’s self-regulated learning habits. It is better to start with children’s daily life problems. Children’s self-regulated learning process can be divided into four stages and have their flexibility. The four stages of children’s self-regulated learning process can be further subdivided into many steps, and in the process of children’s self-regulated learning, the emphasis of teachers’ “teaching” and students’ “learning” can be considered for future research. Finally, four suggestions for fostering children’s autonomous learning ability are proposed, which are to guide children’s self-regulated learning to adopt a four-stage self-regulated learning process, create successful situations and opportunities, and improve learning motivation to develop children’s attitudes and cultivation of self-regulated learning. The habit of self-regulated learning is based on the child’s lifelong self-regulated learning ability.