德國高等教育涉足繼續教育之發展與現況

The Development and Current Status of Continuing Education in German Higher Education

本文旨在描述德國高等教育參與在繼續教育中的發展與現況，並希望提供給臺灣高等教育啟示。本文從W. von Humboldt改革理念下所創立新式的柏林大學切入，闡述十九世紀柏林大學的自由開放性與社會的互動，並隨著政治因素，自由受到箝制。德國的高等教育機構自二十世紀中開始，藉由參與在繼續教育中打破了校園的界線，並藉由繼續教育參與在社會之中。接著說明當前德國大學繼續教育的概念、法律框架、組織的功能與責任以及在繼續教育中的參與情況。本文最後提出德國大學繼續教育發展的四點特色：一、高等教育被動發生變化，使大學繼續教育得以發展。二、德國高等教育從提供繼續教育而獲得了利益。三、高等教育作為繼續教育提供者有其優勢存在。四、法律架構上，保有以各邦及各校為本位的發展空間。

This article aims to describe the development and current status of the participation of higher education in continuing education in Germany and tries to provide some advices to higher education in Taiwan. Firstly, the article begins with the new-found University of Berlin in 19th century, which was inspired by Humboldt’s education reform. The University featured in its openness of liberty and tendency to interact with society while later was restricted because of political issues. Until 20th century, German higher education returned to its openness and broke the boundary through participating in continuing education. Secondly, the article explains the concept of university continuing education together with its regulations, organizational functions and duties, and current statute. This article concludes four features of the development of continuing education in German universities: 1. German university continuing education develops when higher education changes passively. 2. German higher education also profits from providing continuing education. 3. Higher education institutions has its advantages as continuing education providers. 4. Under the legal framework, there are spaces for states-centered and universities-centered development.