危機中的師資培育機構：基於組織群體生態學觀點之分析

Teacher Preparation Institutions in Crisis: Analysis Based on Organizational Population Ecology

本文基於組織群體生態學的觀點，分析當今臺灣師資培育機構的組織群體在同質化發展後，必須正視的危機。組織群體生態學指稱，不同組織為因應組織規模與能量、組織內外惰性、區位資源等因素，會採取不同的適應策略以求生存，然在同一環境的影響下，也可能出現同質化的發展。基於組織群體生態之觀點，本文首先指出，臺灣的多元師資培育體系發展至今儼然已形成同型的組織群體。其次，臺灣師資培育組織群體之同質化過程，在型態上比較屬於規範型，因為各個師資培育機構受到合法化思維和競爭性資源的限制，奉行相同的政策規範。這樣的發展結果，碰上近年師資培育環境在少子女化和年金改革的相繼衝擊下日趨嚴峻，危機也陸續浮現。面對未來，個別師資培育機構如不綢繆組織特色創新，激發競爭力，則「多元」師資培育體系仍只是「形式」而已。

Based on organizational population ecology, this study analyzed the crisis of population ecology faced with teacher preparation institutions in Taiwan following their homogenization. Organizational population ecology refers to the homogenization process where different organizations develop into those with similar characteristics under the influence of the environment and adopt various adaptation strategies to survive in response to conditions associated with internal and environmental inertia, organizational energy and size, and niche resources. Based on the perspective of organizational population ecology, this study first pointed out that Taiwan’s used-to-be diverse teacher preparation systems have developed into a homogenous organizational population. Secondly, the homogenization process of teacher preparation institutions in Taiwan is a normative isomorphism influenced by the norms governed the same policy that has remained long unchanged, the legitimacy constraint of managing teacher preparation process, and the limitation of niche resources. In such a rigorous teacher preparation environment, organizational populations also face crises such as administrative constraints caused by legitimacy norms, insufficient organizational energy, and limited regional niche, which can result in large-scale organizations continuing to occupy the leading position. Finally, this study proposes that, under the natural selection rule, diverse teacher preparation systems cannot be established if individual organizations per se fail to spark innovation or increase their competitiveness.