花樣重新做出來：《何典》框架外的鬼怪、諷刺書寫

Unseemly Ghost World: Contradiction in Traditional Literature — Reinterpretation of He Dian

張南莊所著的《何典》一書，是部成書於乾嘉年間的吳語小說，作者利用詼諧戲謔的筆調，在魑魅魍魎縱橫的鬼域中，勾畫出屬於人間的血淚與官場的腐敗，更以連篇鬼話來嘲諷世道之不公。本文藉由重新審視《何典》的成書定位及不同時期的接受角度，來釐清現今對於《何典》的研究評價，究竟是如何堆砌而成。次而則針對《何典》書寫主題中的志怪與諷刺兩方面來剖析，梳理此作在「說鬼」又「諷人」的同時，如何「花樣重新做出來」地展現作者書寫時的自由性，藉此理解此作在文學接受史上多元樣態從何而來，並找出看待此作品的新視野。

He Dian, is a “wu yu” novel (written in Wu Chinese, a dialect spoken in certain parts of China) written by Zhang Nanzhuang during the Qian Jia era. Composed in a witty and amusing manner, the author unmasks the blood and tears among humans and the corruption of officialdom in a world filled with ghosts. Zhang also wrote a series of ghost tales mocking the injustice in the world. In addition to the book’s dialect and sense of irony, understanding the process forby which He Dian was accepted for publication and its “unseemly” style also enthralls the reader. The book was first published in the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1878); the second edition, named “di shi yi cai zi gui hua lian pian lu,” was published in the 20th year of said emperor’s reign (1894), and the book became available in the market in the 21st year of his reign (1895). However, people showed very little interest in it at the time. Then, in 1926, the revised version published by Liu Bannong ical meaningcaptured the book’s satirical style, and He Dian finally earned its place in the history of literature.This study re-identifies the positioning of He Dian as well as the historical changes in readers’ acceptance of the book during each period to define the origin of the current research value of the book. By understanding the themes of these satirical ghost stories, identified the reader can recognize the contrast between He Dian and Chinese traditional tales of mystery and the supernatural. The “unseemly” ghost world that Zhang Nanzhuang illustrated, which triggered so many diverse and opposing voices in the process of acceptance by intellectual readers, is also explored.