高齡者運動指導人才培育與多元運動課程之研究

A Study of Exercise Instructors Training for Providing Multi-Component Exercise Program for Elders

目的：因應高齡社會，本研究以培養高齡運動指導之人力為目標，結合課程與實作，讓學生得以從做中學，進而培養其專業知識與實務能力。方法：研究以「高齡健康評估與促進」課程進行，參與學生共計26名。學生經由課程培訓並參與社區高齡者服務計畫，藉以體驗課程進而達成學習目標。研究結束後，整理分析學生學習問卷、高齡者運動成效與訪談資料，以瞭解課程型塑的「轉變」是否影響高齡健康評估與促進服務態度與意願。為探討學生在培訓期間其認知、情感和意志過程之情形，此研究之問卷以自編「高齡健康評估與促進學習情形之量表」為主要研究工具，量表編製完成後，題目經由二位具體育教學之心理學研究背景的專任副教授討論後定稿，量表各構面具有良好的內部一致性，皆p < .05。結果：學生學習情形之問卷分析結果顯示，總成績「91~100分」的學生和覺得自己對於這門課「非常用功」的學生，在各構面的平均數皆高於全體之平均數。社區高齡者運動成效結果顯示，在30秒坐站 (19.1 ± 7.45 > 15.4 ± 6.06)、二頭肌彎舉 (25.3 ± 6.93 > 18.9 ± 4.84)、握力 (22.7 ± 6.96 > 19.8 ± 7.02)、抓背 (-9.2±13.82 > -13.5±15.77) 與原地抬膝 (104.2 ± 28.82 > 85.5 ± 28.95)，後測顯著優於前測 (p < .05) 。結論：社區實作練習讓學生有更深入的體驗和省思；且參與社區運動指導課程的長者，對於同學提供的運動相關服務，大部份都給予正面的肯定。

 

Purpose of the study: In response to the aging society, the aim of this study was to cultivate exercise instructors for elders by combining college curriculum and practical work and which might encourage students to learn by doing to develop their professional knowledge and practical abilities. Method: The study was conducted under the “Elders’ Health Assessment and Promotion” course, with a total of 26 students. Students reached the cognitive objectives through course training and providing community aging services. When this study was completed, students’ learning questionnaires, elders’ exercise performance, and interview data were collected, organized and analyzed to understand whether the transformation of the curriculum affects the service attitude and willingness of whether the transformation of the curriculum affects students’ attitude and willingness when providing services of health assessment and promotion for the elders. To explore students’ cognitive, emotional, and willing processes during training, the main tool used in this study was a questionnaire designed by researchers themselves entitled “Questionnaire for Elders’ Health Assessment and Promotion of Learning Situation.” After designing the questionnaire, the questionnaire was finalized after discussion by two full-time associate professors with educational psychological research background. The questionnaire questions in each aspect have good internal consistency, all p < .05. Results: The results of the questionnaire of students’ learning situation showed that students with a total score among “91~100” and students who felt studied “very hard” in this course had higher average scores in all aspects compared to the overall average scores. The results of community elders’ exercise program showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the following tests: 30-second sitting and standing (19.1 ± 7.45 > 15.4 ± 6.06), biceps curling (25.3 ± 6.93 > 18.9 ± 4.84), grip strength (22.7 ± 6.96 > 19.8 ± 7.02), grasping the back (-9.2 ± 13.82 > -13.5 ± 15.77), and lifting knees in place (104.2 ± 28.82 > 85.5 ± 28.95). Conclusion: Community practice work let students have more in-depth experience and reflection. Moreover, most of the elders who participated in the community exercise program gave positive feedback on the exercise-program provided by students.