威尼斯雙年展觀察臺灣文化外交策略 (1995-2017)

Observe Taiwan’s cultural diplomacy strategy through the Taiwan Pavilion at the Venice Biennale

文化外交為我國政府長期推動之政策，在國家發展的歷程中不斷見到政府組織因應政策調整，而政府對外投射的形象也不斷轉變。目前臺灣文化外交以「網絡治理」的方式實踐，由不同的行為者：政府部門、機關、個人與民間團體共同執行。臺灣政府於以網絡治理的模式操作威尼斯美術雙年展臺灣館，累積20年的展覽成果，可作為臺灣文化外交的案例研究。本文整理其政策的形成與內涵、組織與行政、歷年展覽策略及視覺文化變遷。以文化政策為脈絡，本文觀察臺灣館作為文化外交案例的特質：特色輸出獨立於國家文化政策；於國內遭遇不同目標的競合。最後本文對於未來整體政策提出建議。

 

Cultural diplomacy is the policy which has been long implemented by the Taiwanese government. During the history of national development, the government structure has been adjusted along with the policy, and the international image the government projects have been changing. Now Taiwan’s cultural diplomacy is practised through network governance, which means the policy is implemented collaboratively by different actors: government departments, institutions, individuals and civic groups. The Taiwanese government has operated the Taiwan Pavilion at the Venice Biennale through network governance, accumulating 20-years exhibition output. It can be regarded as a case study of Taiwan’s cultural diplomacy. This article collects and organizes the policy formation and content, policy structure and administration, exhibition strategies over the years, and the Pavilion’s changing visual culture. Under the context of cultural policy, the article argues that the Taiwan Pavilion, as a case in cultural diplomacy, can be observed several characteristics: produce output independently from the national cultural policy; encounter competition and cooperation of different goals domestically. In the end, the article proposes suggestion to the overall policy of the future.