校園霸凌受凌者的因應策略與其知覺有效性之研究

Frequency and Perceived Effectiveness of Coping Strategies among Bullied Victims

本研究目的在於了解校園霸凌受凌者較常用與其知覺較有效的因應策略。研究對象由Olweus整體評估題、校園霸凌受凌者量表篩選出79位受凌者。使用自我因應策略量表，採Rasch技術及MANOVA進行分析。結果發現受凌者知覺較有效且常使用的因應策略為問題解決策略；知覺較無效且較少使用之因應策略為外化、內化之方式；知覺較無效但卻常用為抽離；知覺較有效但卻較不常用為尋求協助。此外，高中學生使用內化、外化的頻率顯著高於國小與國中學生。然5類因應策略的知覺有效性在性別及教育階段上並未有顯著差異。本研究建議宜強化受凌者尋求協助之信念及提升問題解決知能，以提升其因應能力。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the coping strategies which bullied victims often use and perceive to be effective and to examine whether there were significant differences in frequency and perceived effectiveness of coping strategies according to background variables (gender and education). A total of 593 valid questionnaires were collected from elementary, junior high and senior high schools in Taiwan. This study adopted the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, School Bullying Scales-the Short version of Victim Subscale, and screened 79 victims as participants. Self-Report Coping Measure was used to investigate coping strategies. The analysis adopted Rasch measurement and MANOVA methods. The results of this study showed that “Self-Reliance/Problem Solving” was most often used and perceived as more effective. “Internalizing” and “Externalizing” were perceived as less effective and were rarely used. “Distancing” was perceived as less effective but was often used. However, “Seeking Social Support” was perceived as more effective but was rarely used. High school students had a significantly higher frequency in using “Internalization” and “Externalization”. Based on the results of this study, schools can enhance students’ knowledge on coping strategies of “Seeking Social Support” in bullying incidents to reduce and prevent bullying.