跳躍投擲的地面反作用力特徵

The Characteristics of Ground Reaction Force for Jump Shooting

前言：許多運動都有關於跳躍投擲的技術動作，就是要藉由更進一步的延續來造成較優勢進攻，像是網球或羽毛球的跳躍殺球，籃球和手球中的跳躍投籃與射門。然而並沒有太多文獻探討起跳後的投擲與下蹲垂直跳的地面反作用力上特徵的差異。本研究目的為比較國家級手球運動員垂直跳 (CMJ) 與跳躍擲球 (JS) 之地面反作用力特徵。方法：18個優秀手球運動員，他們的年齡、體重和身高分別 是21.1 ± 1.4歲，77.0 ± 12.6公斤，和177.6 ± 7.4公分。要求他們在 Kistler 測力板 (型號：9287BA，2000赫茲) 上原地執行叉腰CMJ (CMJ AA )、擺臂CMJ (CMJ AS)、原地垂直跳躍擲球CMJ (CMJ BS ) 以及前後腳站姿跳躍方式全力擲球 (CMJ NS)。結果：垂直跳的跳躍表現較跳躍擲球高 (p < .05)，值得注意的是JS的二個類型中地面反作用力的峰值皆比CMJ的二個類型高 (p < .05)，且跳躍擲球的二個類型發力率也比CMJ的二個類型高 (p < .05)，並且跳躍擲球的二個類型的動作時間比CMJ的二個類型短 (p < .05)。結論與建議：本研究結果說明了，JS的技術具有較高爆發力，要求快速起跳的反應動作，而非是以跳的高為主要目的。

 

Purpose: Jump to perform the further actions are usually present in many kinds of sport to gain the mastery of the offense, e.g. jump smash in tennis, jump smash in badminton, baseball throwing, and jump shooting in handball. The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of characteristics of ground reaction force among countermovement jump (CMJ), CMJ to ball shooting, and jump shooting in usual stand for national handball players. Methods: Eighteen elite handball players were served as the participants for this study. Their age, body weight, and height were 21.1 ± 1.4 years old, 77.0 ± 12.6 kg, and 177.6 ± 7.4 cm respectively. Every participant was asked to perform no arm swing on CMJ (CMJna), arms swing on CMJ (CMJas), CMJ to ball shooting forcefully (CMJbs), and jump shooting in usual stand (CMJus) in sequence on a Kistler force platform system (type: 9287BA, 2000Hz). Results: The results showed the jump height of CMJs were higher than jumps with ball shooting (p < .05). The peak ground reaction force in two types of ball shooting were higher than two types of CMJ (p < .05). The peak rate of force development were also showed two types of ball shooting higher than two types of CMJ (p < .05). The force applied times in two types of ball shooting were shorter than two types of CMJ (p < .05). Conclusions: It indicated the skill of jump shooting was forceful to jump but decrease the force applied times on the ground.