動畫電影記憶／回憶之視覺與敘事表達研究

The Visual and Narrative of Memory/Recall in Animated Movie

電影中的記憶／回憶情節在故事中占有一定程度的關鍵地位，既呈現主角過去的經歷，也提供解開關鍵謎團的線索。本研究嘗試融合記憶心理與柏格森哲學的概念探索動畫電影中關於記憶／回憶情節的視覺與敘事表現，以2012～2015四年的奧斯卡最佳動畫電影為研究對象。採用內容分析法，記錄樣本的敘事與視覺藝術表現形式，探討樣本動畫電影如何表達主角的記憶／回憶情節。研究結果發現，有四種特性可應用於動畫影片記憶／回憶的設計表現，包括畫面質感的功能、聲音鏈結的功能、畫面中關鍵聯想物或介質的功能，以及記憶的關鍵解答功能。電影的鏡頭與視覺設計元素除了表達畫面的內容之外，亦擔負著標註記憶與編碼的功能，電影摹擬記憶／回憶的過程並以電影的語言與組合形式表達。

Memory/Recall plays a major role in our lives. Because of the ability to remember things, we learn from past experiences and shape our way of understanding the world. Our memories not only record the past, but often reveal clues to solving mysteries. This study investigates the visual design and narrative method of memory/recall scenarios in animated movies. By studying and analyzing memory/recall sequences from four Oscar Award winning animated films (2012-2015), and reviewing the concepts and definitions of memory/recall from psychology and the philosophy of Bergson, we can conclude that four features should be considered when designing memory/recall sequences in animated films: (1) the manipulation of image quality and tone, (2) the linkage of sound, (3) the mediated object as the provider of major clues, and (4) memory as the key to the solution. Camera work and visual elements not only present the story, but reveal coding and marking functions of memory. Movies mimic the process of human memory/recall, and express it in the form of cinematic language and framing.