創造教育的多元生態：偏鄉教育政策與小校轉型創新

Creating the Multiple Ecology of Education: Educational Policy for Rural Areas and the Transformation and Innovation of Rural Small Schools

偏鄉教育議題涉及社會正義，也涉及教育改革的社會生態思考。本文認為，如果將偏鄉小校視為一種社會現象，有其生成的歷史脈絡和糾結的相關因素，對於偏鄉小校的討論不能只偏重「經費」和「學生數」，需要「更長期、更深層的參與理解和實踐」。本文藉由《偏鄉教育創新發展方案》、《偏遠地區學校教育發展條例》以及實驗教育法等相關法令的討論，了解偏鄉小校轉型活化的現在與未來，提出以多元生態發展觀點支持偏鄉小校轉型創新的建議。

The issues of rural education are related to the social justice as well as the social ecological thinking of education reform. From the perspective of sociology, rural small schools should be seen as the social phenomenon which embedded in the complex contexts of time-space and multiple factors. The concerns and discussions of rural small schools could not be restricted just in the budget or the number of students, long-term involvement for deep understanding and praxis are necessary. In this article, through the analysis of main education policies in Taiwan nowadays which related to the development of rural small schools such as “Innovative and Developmental Programs for the Rural Education”, “Ordinance for the Development of Rural School Education” and the Experimental Education Acts, some discussions from the perspective of multiple ecology would be provided to discuss the current situations and future development of rural small schools.