聲律的實踐與示範：論唐律賦「題韻」與「題義」的互文性

Practice and Example of Rhymes : A study on Intertexuality of 'Ti - yun' and 'Ti-yi' of Lu-Fu in Dang Dynasty

王芑孫《讀賦卮言》中有〈官韻例〉一篇，稱「官韻之設，所以注題目之解，示程式之意，杜勦襲之門，非以困人而束縛之」。「限韻」乃唐律賦最具辨識性的文類特徵。王芑孫考察「題韻」，將之分為：有「以『疏題義』者」；「與題義不相比附者」；「不著題並不著字而終限之者」等幾類。本文以此，將律賦「題韻」與「賦題」的關係，概分兩大類：「以疏題義」與「不相比附」。扣除「以題為韻」的律賦作品，其實大多數「題韻」都扮演補述的功能，與賦題具有「互文性」關係。更重要的是，「題義」與「題韻」若由官方訂立，此議題將牽扯到一「集體意識」。故若僅將律賦的「題韻」視為「注題目」、「示程式」、「杜勦襲」，恐怕猶有未足。在「因難見巧」同時，律賦作者如何以「題韻」與「題義」的黏附，表現一深層的「互文」與「補述」？律賦如何以「題韻」當作文本的一部份，一方面實踐文類的限制，二方面藉「題韻」以示範「題旨」？這是過去學者鮮少注意的議題，也是本文的重心所在。

The rhyme is a very special characteristic of Lu-Fu. In 'There's Something by Reading Fu' that written by Wang yi-sun's, he said, 'The rhymes(of Lu-Fu in Dang Dynasty) has been established there's for three reason. The First, it can explore the Fu's Title. The Second, it can structures Fu's standard. The third, it can avoid the Cheating'. Wang also compartmentalize the Rhymes for several kinds, like 'Explored Fu's Meaning' and 'Un-explored Fu's Meaning'…etc. According Wang's classification, I compartmentalize that relationship of Ti-yun(Fu's rhyme) and 'Ti-yi'(Fu's Meaning) for difference kinds. There're 'explored Fu's Meaning' and 'Un-explored Fu's Meaning'. In my opinion, the rhyme which 'Un-explored Fu's Meaning' in act bring up the 'Intertexuality' of Fu's title or Fu's text. I consider that the 'Ti-yun'(rhyme) is an important part of Lu-Fu's 'Mast Text'. The Topic interests less academic concerned. But it's a focal point for this paper.