臺灣教育擴充與教育機會不均等性之關聯   免費試閱

The Relationship Between Educational Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity in Taiwan

在臺灣教育除了可以作為提高職業、收入的工具之外，其本身就代表著很重要的社會地位，教育取得是否符合教育機會均等便成為重要的教育階層化研究議題。由於近年的研究不足，本研究運用臺灣社會變遷基本調查全國代表性樣本資料，以OLS迴歸與邏輯迴歸做分析。研究發現顯示：小學教育、國初中教育及高中職教育三個教育階段的教育機會不均等性都是先升後降；大專以上教育的教育機會不均等性大致為先升後降；而上大專以上學校的機率偏低，且提升的幅度略小，因而其教育年數機會不均等性變遷不如小學、國初中及高中職。整體而言，在各級教育快速普及，上各級學校機率大都很快就超過0.5的情況之下，教育總年數的教育機會不均等性大致呈現快速下降的趨勢。

In Taiwan, education is not just a tool to improve one’s occupation and income, but also an important indicator of social status. Whether educational attainment takes place in accordance with principles of equality of educational opportunity has become an important topic in research into educational stratification; however, there has been insufficient research in this field in recent years. This study adopted the Taiwan Social Change Survey as a representative national sample, and conducted OLS regression and logistic regression analysis. The findings of the study indicated tendencies toward inequality of educational opportunity in primary and secondary education, rising first and then falling. This was also largely the case in higher education. However, due to the low probability of advancing to higher education and the small degree of advancement in educational level, changes in the degree of inequality of opportunity in terms of the number of years of education received were not as great as in primary and secondary education. By and large, with the rapid expansion of all educational levels, and the fact that the probability of attaining all educational levels will soon exceed 0.5, there has been a sharp downward trend in inequality of educational opportunity, when viewed in terms of the total number of years of education.