羽球正手殺球動作之手臂生物力學分析

Biomechanics analysis of the arm for the badminton forehand smash

目的：羽球是一個很好的強身運動，但是不正確的揮拍動作可能會造成運動傷害。本研究旨在探討進行羽球正手殺球動作時，於引拍期、揮拍期、擊球期及餘後期，各手臂肢段運動及應力進行分析，以用來評估運動傷害風險。方法：本研究結合了機構運動學、生物學以及動力學原理，建構出羽球的揮拍路徑以及手臂運動的動力分析模型。並以4種運動路徑來說明本動力模型的可行性：第一種為正確的羽球殺球路徑、第二種為殺完球急於救球之路徑；其餘兩種為一般人殺球時較易犯之路徑。從上述的四種路徑來進行運動分析並探討不同殺球路徑所產生之應力及肌力大小對於手臂及動力鏈之影響。結果：本研究發現，第二種路徑對肱骨應力及肱二頭肌肌力將較容易產生運動傷害風險，而第三種路徑則對於前臂、手腕應力和肱三頭肌、屈腕肌群、伸腕肌肌群力產生較大運動傷害風險，最後第四種路徑在前臂骨、手腕應力及肱二頭肌、肱三頭肌肌力有較高的運動傷害風險。結論：本研究建構了手臂的生物力學模型並可模擬及預測運動傷害風險，因此可做為訓練與教學的參考。

Purpose：Badminton is an excellent sport for enhancing fitness; however, incorrect swinging motions may lead to sport injuries. In order to forecast the sport injury risk, this paper investigates the kinematic and stress variations on the arm during the various phases of a badminton forehand smash movement (i.e., the preparing, swinging, stroking, and following phases). Methods: Based on biological, kinematic, and dynamic concepts and principles, we develop a dynamic model of arm swing paths whose feasibility is assessed using four types of motion paths: a correctly positioned badminton smash (Path 1), a smash recovery following a successful smash shot (Path 2), and two error motions that commonly occur during smash shots (Paths 3 and 4). We then conduct a motion analysis of these four paths to determine the kinetic chain of the forehand smash and the influence that stress and muscle strength exertion have on badminton players’ arms. Results: We find that Path 2 easily induces sport injuries in the humerus and triceps brachii; Path 3 causes serious sport injuries in the forearm, wrist, biceps brachii; and Path 4 poses greater risk of injury to the forearm, wrist, musculus flexor carpi ulnaris, and musculus extensor carpi radialis. Conclusions: The proposed biomechanics model can therefore be used to predict post-motion exertion points, making it a useful reference tool for training and teaching.