英國高等教育招收國際學生政策之探討

A Study on the Policies of International Student Recruitment to UK Higher Education

英國大學向以其品質著稱於世，牛津大學與劍橋大學更是知名的世界一流學府，因此，英國是許多國家學子所夢寐嚮往留學進修之國家。早期，英國政府為吸引外國學生至英國就學，曾為國際學生提供優渥之獎學金，並曾放寬國際學生學成後留在英國工作的簽證；但後來受政府經費緊縮之影響，各大學為廣拓財源，開始積極招收國際學生。惟隨著學生簽證濫用之情形逐漸浮上檯面，2010年開始，英國政府開始改革學生及工作簽證之政策，採取從嚴審核之策略。針對這些政策之改革，英國大學及政府不斷地進行對話與研商。緣此，本文主要是採文件分析及文獻探討來分析英國近年來招收國際學生的政策，並分析英國大學招收國際學生的現況，最後則根據研究結果，歸納一簡扼結語。

British universities have been well-known for their good quality, and Oxford and Cambridge have been recognized as two of the top world-class universities. So the UK has become one of the favorite countries for students from developing countries to study. In the earlier years, British government has provided abundant scholarships to international student and allowed international students to work and stay in Britain after graduation, in order to attract them to study in the UK. But, in order to control immigration and eliminate the abuse of the student visa, the UK government has adopted a considerably more rigid standard to issue the student visas and reformed the regulation of immigration since 2010, which has, in turn, affected the recruitment of international students to British universities. This paper aims, firstly, to review the reforms of policies of recruiting international students to the UK universities, and then to analyze the current recruitment of international students and the composition of students in the UK higher education especially by domicile of origin. Finally a brief conclusion is summarized.