棒球選手打擊之視覺焦點策略分析

Analysis of Visual Tracking Strategy during Hitting in Baseball Players

探討棒球選手在打擊時對投手投球過程中的前臂、上臂、頭、軀幹、下肢、非身體等共六個部位視覺焦點策略之分析。以世新大學棒球代表隊18名選手為受試對象，利用德國SMI公司所研製的頭盔式視覺追蹤儀為檢測工具，請受試者以模擬打擊情境注視投影於布幕上的投手投球過程，再以影音編輯軟體繪聲繪影10版裡的多重修剪視訊進行同步的視覺焦點策略分析，以相依樣本單因子變異數分析考驗各投球動作分期中的視覺焦點落點。結果發現投球準備期中視覺焦點較為鬆散，在抬腿至高期中會以投手下肢抬腿的動作為主要的視覺焦點，最大跨步期中所有的部位皆與前臂的視覺焦點達顯著差異，最後揮臂出手期中選手會以投手揮臂投球的前臂為主要視覺焦點。本研究認為棒球選手在打擊初期時，視覺焦點並未集中在投手投球動作的某一點上，隨投手抬腿選手的視覺焦點亦會集中在投手的下肢抬腿動作，直至投手跨步時視覺焦點才會集中前臂與上臂，甚至在投球出手瞬間視覺焦點多集中在前臂上；因此，棒球選手在打擊時有特定的視覺焦點策略，以便能更清楚地看到投球，進而能確實地揮擊到球。

The purpose of this study was to analyze visual tracking strategy during hitting in baseball batters. Eighteen subjects recruited from baseball team of Shin Hsin University. The iView Head-mounted Eye tracking Device was used to measure visual tracking strategy. Each subject wore it and looked at pitching movement that projected on the screen. Video Studio 10 was used to film the process. The viewing sites were defined as pitchers’ forearm, upper arm, head, body, lower extremity, and not-on-body. The results showed that batters looked at entire pitching movement during wind-up phase. Batters mainly viewed on pitcher’s lower extremity during lift-leg phase. There were significantly differences among forearm and other viewing sites during maximum stride phase. Forearm was a main viewing site during ball release phase. Therefore, baseball players have a certain visual tracking strategy. This proper strategy can help to discriminate pitch well and increase hitting performance.