女大學生性別角色看法之探究

Female Undergraduates’ Perceptions of Gender Roles

價值觀念決定性地左右個人的想法、態度與行為，因此，本文希望藉由年輕女性對未來婚配對象（如其學歷、收入及年齡等各方面條件）以及其他有關問題的看法，了解她們所抱持的性別角色觀念，進而推論傳統觀念可能的演變及其對女性升學和就業志向可能產生的影響，並期藉此研究提供政府決策者參考，以促成女性更大程度的教育與經濟參與。本研究發現，女大學生所抱持的性別角色與分工看法相對於傳統價值，似乎有相當程度的改變。她們明顯不再拘泥於「男主外、女主內」的傳統性別角色界定，不期待將來在經濟上完全依賴男性，也不打算僅扮演家務操持者的角色。每一位受訪者不論其對未來婚配對象所抱持的期待為何，反映出何種性別角色觀念，都對在學業告一段落後投入職場發揮個人所學表達明確的企圖心。或許是因為未懷抱婚後主內、以夫為主的想法，加上自己的教育成就以及預期的經濟成就，多數年輕女性在對未來婚配對象在學歷、收入、年齡等各方面條件的期待中，均展現有別於傳統的彈性。這樣的彈性或許有助於促進女性更大程度的教育和經濟參與，而女性在高等教育系統及勞動市場中所呈現的層級愈高、女性愈少的現象，或許能夠因此得到改善。但改善程度為何，仍取決於社會整體性別角色與性別化分工觀念的改變。

Gender role values decisively affect individuals' thoughts, attitudes and behaviors. This paper aims to explore the gender role values Taiwanese female undergraduates hold via investigating their expectations for future marriage partners to see if there is any change compared to traditional gender values. It is hoped that government decision-makers can refer to it and contribute to bettering women's educational and economic participation. It is found that female undergraduates no longer circumscribe themselves to stereotyped gender roles and gendered division of labor. Perhaps due to confidence in self educational attainment and expected future economic attainment, these young women don't expect to depend on men as the sole breadwinners, neither do they plan to simply rule inside the households. They express clear ambitions for entering the labor market to exercise what they learn at school. Contrary to traditional gender role values, these young women show substantial flexibility in their expectations for future marriage partners in terms of education, income, age and etc. Such flexibility may be beneficial to women's greater educational and economic participation. And to what extent the phenomenon that the higher the education level and the higher the occupational ranking, the fewer the women can be improved depends on to what degree social gender role values and gendered division of labor change.