从旧塾师到新教员─徐特立早年的职业转换与中国基础教育的近代变革

From a Shushi to a Teacher: Professional Transition of Xu Teli and the Reform of Basic Education in Modern China

19世纪末,中国传统教育遭遇新教育的挑战;20世纪初,清廷颁行学制,废除科举,全方位、大规模地加快中国教育从传统到现代的转型进程。教育转型急剧地影响到学生学业的变化和教师职业的更易:徐特立早年读私塾、做塾师,在新政兴学之初告别塾师职业,接受师范教育,从旧式士子转变为现代知识分子,走上做新式教员、创办新式学堂之路,成为近代中国基础教育变革在地方社会强有力的推动者。本文通过探究徐特立早年的人生经历与职业转换,反映了中国基础教育现代转型为教师职业和人才流动所带来的变化,折射出教育转型中个人命运与时代发展的关系。

The end of the 19th century saw traditional education challenged by new forms of education in China. Entering the 20th century, the Qing government replaced the Ke Ju system with new education systems and thereby heralded an unprecedented transition period from traditional to modernized Chinese education. A famous Chinese educationist who was a former student and teacher of traditional Chinese Si Shu schools, Xu Teli received normal education during this period and later became a harbinger of new schools and scholars in modern China. This article explores the life experiences and professional transition of Xu Teli, with a view to examine the impact of basic education modernization on the teacher profession and professional mobility in China.