色诺芬教育哲学辨析

Exploratory Research on Xenophon’s Educational Philosophy

采用文本细读的方法来分析和解读《回忆苏格拉底》中所体现的色诺芬教育哲学思想,可以看出:首先,色诺芬将“认识自己”这一德尔菲神庙格言的精神贯穿于作品的始终,不断提醒人们只有认识自己,更进一步说认识自己的无知才是个体获得知识和智慧的出发点;其次,色诺芬在对当时雅典公民对身体养成的忽视和无知的现象进行严厉批判的基础上,强调关注身体并通过锻炼来维持身体健康对于个体健全发展具有重要的基础性意义;同时,色诺芬视节制为最基本的美德,唯有践行节制才能摆脱身体的约束而获得灵魂的清明,从而为个体之身心的整全发展提供可能的路径。

This article focuses on the interpretation of Xenophon’s educational philosophy through hermeneutical reading of Xenophon’s Memorabilia. First, carrying on the Delphic maxim of “know thyself”, Xenophon repeatedly emphasizes that acknowledging one’s ignorance is the foundation of knowledge and wisdom. Secondly, based on his criticism against Athenians’ neglect and ignorance of physical cultivation, Xenophon contends physical health is of pivotal importance to the balanced cultivation of body and soul of an individual. More importantly, Xenophon considers moderation as the vital virtue for the sanity of the soul by fighting again the desire of the body, which will eventually contribute to the holistic development of human existence.