美国中小学公民学课程的历史嬗变

The Historical Evolution of Civics Curriculum in American Primary and Secondary Schools

美国中小学阶段以社会科体系为课程载体开展公民教育。公民学课程是目前社会科课程体系中普遍开设的核心课程、目的是传授公民知识、培养公民能力和公民品格。本文试图从公民学课程在社会科课程体系中的地位变迁这一历史维度，梳理公民学课程从附属课程到独立课程，由社会科体系中边缘课程到核心课程的嬉变过程，揭示公民学课程的变化实质上体现着政治体系和政治权力的意志，是不同历史阶段美国政治文化变迁和培养公民的需要共同作用于公民教育的结果。

Social studies are the main courses of civic education in American primary and secondary schools. Civics, one of core curricula in social studies system, aims to teach civic knowledge, train civic skills and cultivate civic virtues. The article attempts to analyze the changing process of civics, from affiliated course to independent one, from non-core course to core one, based on the importance of civics curriculum in social studies system. The transformation substantially reflects the will of political system and authority, which is the result of American political culture transformation and the demand of citizen cultivating acting on civic education.