美國No Child Left Behind Act之困境與新變革

The Straits and Change of No Child Left Behind Act in the U.S.

今年（2014年）是美國《不讓一個孩子落後》（No Child Left Behind）政策公布後，預定全國達到100%沒有一個孩子落後的目標達成年。但顯而易見地，其實際執行狀況距離預定目標尚有一段距離。本文即是在此出發點下，分析美國Obama政府所提出因未能達到《不讓一個孩子落後》的目標，其所做的政策轉圜和新變革，並分析原來政策所執行之困境。
2011年Obama政府提出應檢討《不讓一個孩子落後》的教育政策，在認為原政策目標過於不切實際的情況下，允許各州和哥倫比亞特別行政區可以用申請豁免的方式，免除原訂的績效目標，並另訂合適之目標。本文對於此政策的轉向和革新的作法，進行內容分析，並指出Obama政府雖也提出績效的重要性，但更重要的是要能因地制宜，做一種公平式的績效目標，而非一體適用的標準設定。本文以《不讓一個孩子落後》為內容，說明其中變化之意義。

Due to the high demanding requirement of No Child Left Behind Act, it seems out of the question for the U.S. government to achievement its original goal: 100% students getting the proficient level nationally in 2014. In order to solve this embarrassing situation, Obama Administration initiated some regulations to waive individual state and changed the content of accountability. This study is to demonstrate the change and the shift of the latest policy related to above.
In 2011 Obama Administration declared No Child Left Behind Act should be revised and the federal government intended to initiate a legislation to allow each state and the District of Columbia applying the waivers from No Child left Behind regulations on the goal of 2014. This study argues Obama Administration’s reform of No Child Left Behind will turn to a “fair accountability”system, which stresses more on positive discrimination of each state and school district.