非帕累托改进与利益补偿：基于多水平模型的流动教师成就感影响因素研究

A non-Pareto Improvement and Welfare Compensation: a Study on Variables Impacting on the Accomplishment of Exchanging Teachers with Multilevel Modelling

流动教师成就感从执行者角度反映了教师流动政策实施成效，分析成就感影响因素有助于发现政策设计需要改进的重点。对一万多名流动教师的问卷调查结果显示，流动给部分教师带来生活不便、发展机会降低等利益损害，证明了流动政策的非帕累托改进性质；对现行利益补偿形式分析发现，享有不同利益补偿形式和程度的流动教师群体间成就感差异显著，生活条件补偿在一定程度上可以避免成就感下降，教师在专业可持续发展、适应性等方面对组织支持的需求更为强烈。调查结果说明利益补偿不是万能，事前避免利益损害比事后补偿更为有效，教师流动制度的建立应从观念上获得教师的支持，在推广过程中应与其他社会改革相协调。

Accomplishment of teachers is one of the consequences of Teacher Exchange Policy effects. A survey to 10 thousands of teachers showed that, mobility caused some damage to teachers welfare, such as inconvenience of living and decreased opportunity for career development, and this proved that Teachers Exchange Policy is a non-Pareto improvement; there are significant difference among various groups of teachers who bear diverse forms and degree of compensation and privileges, better career development and official teaching support are demanded by teachers. The research results also remind us that, to prevent from damage is more effective than compensation, and teachers' opinion should be respected. Finally, teachers Exchange Policy should work with other social reforms.