日本中小學教師班級經營的困難與改革動向

Difficulties and Problems of Classroom Management Faced by Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools in Japan

本文旨在透過調查結果與文獻資料，分析日本班級經營的內涵與政策實施，探討中小學教師在班級經營上所面臨的困難問題及改革動向。研究結果發現，日本近年來校園霸凌等學生問題行為層出不窮，導致中小學教師班級經營益發困難，諮商輔導工作變得棘手。因此，透過小班制教學等措施，以及學校整體之教育團隊提供支援與協助，欲將昔日加諸於教師之班級經營的責任與負擔予以減輕。換言之，教師身心負擔上的顧慮，以及班級經營上困難與問題的優先處理，才是解決各項學生問題行為之關鍵。我國即將實施「十二年國民基本教育」，預期教師在班級經營上將面臨相當大的困難與挑戰，故而，日本在班級經營上的教改理念與策略值得國人省思與參考。

This paper aims to analyze the contents and policy implementations of classroom management in Japan. Through examining the survey results and relevant documents, this paper explores the difficulties and problems of classroom management faced by teachers in primary and secondary schools. This study indicates that the increasing behavior issues of students, such as school bullying, in Japan in recent years lead more difficulties for teachers to manage their classes. Besides, the problem also resulted in the fact that student counseling work became more challenging. Thus through the implementations of the "Small Class Teaching" related policies and supports from school faculty team, Japanese government is trying to reduce responsibilities and burdens imposed on teachers. In other words, this paper asserts that if we want to deal with behavior issues of students, problems of physical and mental burdens on teachers are the key issues with the highest priority that needed to be resolved. The Twelve-Year Compulsory Education Policy will soon be implemented in our country and it is expected that our teachers will be forced to face tremendous challenges and difficulties in classroom management. Therefore, those ideas and strategies of Japanese education reforms on classroom management serve as the reference for Taiwan’s education.