因用通假而同用字所形成之當代異形詞辨析六例

Analysis of Six Pairs of Variant Compound Words which Use Borrowed Words

所謂的異形詞，指的是同音同義而不同形的詞，其形成原因有因用異體字而 形成、因用通假字而形成、因聯綿詞等僅記音而用字不固定（另外還有音譯、象 聲字）形成等。異形詞的存在對訊息的傳遞及語文的學習都產生困難，故教育部 國家教育研究院國語辭典編審會為此成立「異形詞審議小組」，針對臺灣地區流 行的五百多組異形詞進行辨析，初步成果亦在「國家教育研究院 108 年教育部國 語辭典應用論壇」發表。這五百多組異形詞中，有約一百餘組係因採用通假字而 形成之異形詞。但筆者以為其中至少有六組異形詞「托福／託福」、「弭平／敉平」、 「糜爛／靡爛」、「瀰漫／彌漫」、「氾濫／泛濫」、「風采／丰采」，本字與通假字 的關係遠較單純因字音相同而通假來得密切──通假字通行既久，已發展出與本 字相重疊且穩固的字義，本文稱之「同用字」。本文將細究如何在這類異形詞中 挑選出推薦使用的詞形。

Two compound words in which the pronunciation and meaning are the same but their appearance are different are called variant compound words (異形詞). What are their cause? They originate mostly because they take the variant words (異體字) or borrowed words (通假字) to constitute themselves. The presence of variant compound words affect Chinese vocabulary learning negatively. So our Ministry of Education (教 育部) planned to clarify them. Now they have already finish most of this work. Being on the working team, I found one type of variant compound words constituted by borrowed words is worth more in-depth study. The meaning of original words (本字) and borrowed words are interchangeable, close to being the same. I try to make it clear which word forms should be used officially in formal situations.