性雜亂的形成與對性侵害的影響

Development of Promiscuous and Impersonal Sex and its Consequences on Sexual Assault

國內在性雜亂形成與影響方面的研究甚少。本研究提出性雜亂形成與影響的模型。此一模型指出：早年性經驗與追求感官刺激特質相關，皆影響性雜亂的形成；而早年性經驗、追求感官刺激特質、與性雜亂，皆影響性侵害行為與次數。本研究以無記名自陳式問卷在線上蒐集資料，透過網路平台宣傳，調查年滿二十歲的男性，共計有998 位參與，平均年齡23.01 歲，教育程度以大學居多。研究結果顯示，早年性經驗與追求感官刺激特質相關，皆可預測性雜亂；而早年性經驗、追求感官刺激特質、與性雜亂皆可預測性侵害行為；早年性經驗與性雜亂可預測性侵害行為次數。研究結果支持本研究模型。此外，13%的參與者自陳在近一年內曾從事性侵害行為。文末就研究結果的意涵、實務應用、研究限制與後續研究方向進行討論。

The prevalence of male sexual assault on women is alarmingly high worldwide (Axinn et al., 2018; Carey et al., 2015;Kamdar et al., 2017; Koss et al., 1987; Walsh et al., 2014). Researchers have critically and widely discussed the social issue(Kuo et al., 2018) concerning the adverse effects of sexual assault on the psychological, physiological, and sexual well-beingof victims (Dworkin et al., 2017; Rothman et al., 2019).Samples of convicted sex offenders and nonoffenders (Davis et al., 2018; Widman et al., 2013) have confirmed thatpromiscuous and impersonal sex is a major predictor of male sexual assault (Abbey et al., 2011; Casey et al., 2017;Malamuth, et al., 1995; Widman et al., 2013). Considering that sexual assault is a pertinent social issue, the causal factors ofpromiscuous and impersonal sex should be essentially explored. However, only a few studies have focused on promiscuousand impersonal sex in Taiwan. Particularly, studies focusing on the effect of promiscuous and impersonal sex on sexualassault have been inadequate.Male sexual assault on women constitutes more than 90% of all sexual assault cases in Taiwan (National Police Agency,Ministry of the Interior, 2017). This study bridges a critical research gap concerning male sexual assault in Taiwan andcontributes to the international literature on this topic.This study particularly focuses on two aspects. Early sexual experiences pertain to one’s surroundings and life experiences(Dishion et al., 2012). Sensation seeking (a personality trait) pertains to biological factors from the perspective of trait theoryand biological theory (Barenbaum & Winter, 2008; McCrae & Costa, 2008). These two aspects can help understandmechanisms underlying the development of promiscuous and impersonal sex.Accordingly, this study establishes a model to explain the development of promiscuous and impersonal sex and its effect onsexual assault. The following assumptions are made: (a) Early sexual experiences relate to sensation seeking, and bothaspects predict promiscuous and impersonal sex. (b) Early sexual experiences, sensation seeking, and promiscuous andimpersonal sex can predict sexual assault behavior and frequency. (c) Early sexual experiences and domestic violence relateto each other and can predict promiscuous and impersonal sex. However, the effect of domestic violence as a predictor ofpromiscuous and impersonal sex is often overlooked due to the high correspondence between early sexual experiences andpromiscuous and impersonal sex. This study has verified the preceding assumptions. An anonymous self-report online questionnaire was used for data collection. The surveyed population comprised 998 menaged >20 years. The participants were aged between 20 and 55 years, with the average age and standard deviation being23.01 and 4.38 years, respectively. Furthermore, 1.00%, 3.50%, 84.20%, and 11.30% of the participants had elementaryschool and junior high school, high school (vocational), university (college), and postgraduate education, respectively. Withregard to caregivers, 87.10%, 2.30%, 6.10%, 3.30%, 0.40%, and 0.90% of the participants were raised by their parents,fathers, mothers, grandparents, relatives, and without family support, respectively.Participants were recruited through websites, and research questionnaires were administered through online platforms.Participants provided consent, and this study was approved by a research ethics review committee (REC number:10503ES009).Variables were measured using self-developed tools or established scales with reliability and validity.