以語料庫為本探討華語名量詞「個」之「Num+個+N」結構

A Corpus-based Study of the Num + Ge + N Structure of the Chinese Nominal Classifier Ge

量詞的教學一直是華語教學領域的重點和難點，「個」作為漢語中最常用的量詞，其用法無論對學習者還是母語者來說，都有其複雜性和特殊性。本文為了探討「個」作為名量詞時，在「Num+個+N」結構中的具體使用特點，對母語者語料庫北京語言大學現代漢語語料庫進行考察，研究得出，「個」可以與部分可數名詞、集合名詞和抽象名詞搭配|除特殊語境，不可以與不可數名詞和專有名詞搭配。在修飾指人名詞時，和「名」與「位」相比，「個」不能和數詞「二」連用，在有意表達和給予正面感情色彩時，也不宜用「個」。本研究將針對漢語水平考試（HSK）動態作文語料庫2.0中關於「個」的偏誤語料進行分析，總結學習者關於「個」的主要偏誤類型，包括遺漏、誤加和誤代等偏誤。造成偏誤的原因有母語負遷移、結構不清晰、語義混淆和詞性混淆等因素。最後本文將針對名量詞「個」的教學提出了三點教學建議，希望藉此為學習者學習「個」提供便利條件，為「個」的華語教學提供參考。

Classifiers have always been the focus and difficulty in the field of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language. As the most commonly used classifier in Chinese, the usage of ge has its complexity and particularity for both learners and native speakers. In order to find out the specific features of Num + ge + N structure when ge is used as a nominal classifier, the study investigates the corpus of native speakers (BLCU Chinese Corpus) which shows that ge can be collocated with some countable nouns, collective nouns and abstract nouns but it can't be used with uncountable nouns and proper nouns except in specific context. Compared with ming and wei, ge cannot be used with the numeral er when modifying the noun (of person). It is also not appropriate to use ge expressing positive emotion. This study also analyses the errors in Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi Dynamic Composition Corpus (Version 2.0), and concludes that the main types of the errors are omission, addition and substitution. The causes of these errors include the negative transfer of mother tongue, unclear structure, semantic confusion and parts of speech confusion. Finally, the study puts forward three teaching suggestions for the teaching of nominal classifier ge, hoping to provide convenience for students to learn and provide reference for the teaching in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language.