日本防災教育及其在社會教科書之設計──以東京書籍版本為例

Disaster Prevention Education in Japan and Social Study Textbook Design: Example of the Tokyo Shoseki Edition

本文旨在分析十二年國教課綱「防災教育」議題課程內涵，並探討日本防災教育政策及課程教材。全文透過文獻探討與質性內容分析，分三部分進行陳述，包含：一、我國防災教育議題課程內涵分析|二、日本防災教育的政策與課綱探討|以及，三、以東京書籍出版的社會教科書為例分析其防災教育教材設計。研究結果重要發現如下：一、我國防災教育內涵偏重風險管理與技能精熟取向|二、日本防災教育政策從中央到地方環環相扣系統緊密，課綱重視學生生活經驗、問題解決能力與責任感培養|三、日本教科書設計重視美觀、防災教材善用圖表強化理解並引導討論活動。本研究結果希冀能提供未來防災教育規劃實施與教材編製者參考。

This study analyzed the contents of the curriculum guidelines of disaster prevention, which is included as an issue education topic in Taiwan's 12-Year Basic Education Curriculum (promulgated in 2019). Additionally, this study examined how disaster prevention education is addressed in Japan's curriculum guidelines and Japanese textbooks. Through literature review and qualitative analysis, this study examined the following three aspects. First, the content and educational implications of introducing disaster prevention education in Taiwan as a component of issue education was analyzed. Second, Japan's educational policy on disaster prevention education and its implementation were examined. Third, the content on disaster prevention was explored in the social studies textbooks published by Tokyo Shoseki. The study's results revealed that Taiwan's disaster prevention education emphasizes risk management and mastery of disaster prevention skills. However, learning from life experience, developing problem-solving skills, and cultivating responsibility are stressed in Japan's disaster prevention education, which draws from both central and local government policies. Furthermore, aesthetics are incorporated into the design of Japan's textbooks, and they use charts and pictures to facilitate comprehension and discussion. The results serve as helpful references for the implementation of Taiwan's disaster prevention education and compilation of related textbooks.