漢語形容詞分類

Classification of Adjectives in Mandarin Chinese

本文在程度語義學框架下重新解讀了朱德熙（1956／1980）對漢語形容詞的劃分。本文提出將形容詞的簡單形式分析為等級形容詞，將形容詞的複雜形式分析為非等級形容詞。兩者的語義類型不同：前者是，後者是。此外，根據量級結構的不同，本文對等級形容詞進行了進一步的分類，並從語義的角度對等級形容詞內部不同的語義蘊含關係做出了解釋。本文建議在中文教學中引入量級結構的概念以幫助學生更好地理解等級形容詞內部分類以及蘊含關係。

This study situates Zhu's (1956/1980) two-way dichotomy between simple adjectives and complex adjectives under the framework of degree semantics. It proposes to analyze simple adjectives as gradable adjectives and complex adjectives as ungradable adjectives. This study argues that simple adjectives and complex adjectives are type-theoretically different: the former denotes direct measure functions from individuals to degrees (type ), while the latter denotes properties of individuals (type ). In addition, this study proposes a further categorization of gradable adjectives based on their scalar differences. It provides a semantically motivated account for the contrast in gradability and compatibility with degree adverbs between gradable adjectives and ungradable adjectives. It also accounts for various entailment relations of different subtypes of gradable adjectives. Findings of this study support the introduction of scale structure in teaching Chinese to help learners better understand their distribution pattern.