知识可视化视觉表征的设计方法

Design Methods of Visual Representation in Knowledge Visualization

随着知识可视化在教学中的广泛应用，如何设计开发其视觉表征成为重要命題。反思目前的视觉表征设计状况，存在重平面符号元素，轻视觉传播过程；重工具应用的步骤，轻设计者的创造性过程；重表达知识的功能，轻建构知识的方法等问题。采用信息理论研究知识可视化视觉表征设计，把视觉表征的应用过程看作信息认识的过程，可以在分析视觉表征状态及其变化方式的基础上，构建知识可视化视觉表征的设计方法。然而在理解知识可视化视觉表征的信息时，学习者必须先了解其形式，分析其内容，进而把握其效用。据此，知识可视化视觉表征设计包括形式设计、内容设计和效用设计三个层面。尽管三个层面的设计分別展开，但又是密切相关的，因而需要综合起来。选择常用的知识可视化视觉表征形式概念图作为案例，从形式、内容和效用三个层面开展设计，可以明晰知识可视化视觉表征设计方法的应用情况。

Being widely used in teaching， the design of visual representation in knowledge visualization has become an important research topic. In the current design practice， more attention was paid to graphic symbol elements， and less to visual communication process ； more attention was paid to the steps of tool application， and less to the creative process oj the designer. More attention was paid to the function of knowledge expression， and less to the method of knowledge construction. This paper proposes to study the design of visual representation from the perspective oj information theory. Treating the application process of visual representation as information recognition process ， the author analyzes the state of visual representation and its changes， and then constructs the design method of visual representation. When learning the visual representations in knowledge visualization， the learners must understand its form， analyze its contents， and then grasp its usefulness. The design methods of visual representation should include the form design ，content design， and effectiveness design at three levels. The three levels are closely related and need to be synthesized. Taking concept mapping as an example， the paper illustrates the design method of visual representation in knowledge visualization in the end.