西方国家中小学教师流动的经验与启示

Elementary and Secondary Teacher Mobility in Western Countries:Experience and Implications

师资配置不均衡是制约我国区域与城乡教育均衡和高效发展的重要因素。本文通过对西方国家中小学教师流动理论与实践的研究发现，西方教师流动往往建立在人力市场供求关系、内部人力市场和人力资本等理论基础上；各国政府实施了相应的政策法规和激励举措以项目的形式来推动教师流动；教师个人、机构及政策等因素都影响着教师流动的效果。这些为我国建构中小学教师流动机制的理论框架、指导原则与阶段性目标提供了有益启示。

The imbalanced distribution of quality teachers in different regions impeded excellent educational achievement as well as educational equity in China. This article reviews the theory and practice of teacher mobility in western countries. Demand and supply， labor market and human capital are theories that teacher mobility studies are based on. Effective policies and laws guarantee various teacher mobility programs implemented in the local and national scales. Personal and institutional factors are affecting the quality of those programs. From all the above findings，this paper attempts to draw implications for the teacher mobility system in China.