治療關係對學校霸凌受害者諮商效果之個案研究

The Effects of Therapeutic Relationship on an Adolescent Victim of Bullying: A Case Study

本研究主要目的在於探討治療關係對學校霸凌受害者的諮商效果。研究對象為一位遭受霸凌經驗的國二學生，並以自我傷害做為因應霸凌事件的方法。研究者透過回溯性訪談法喚起個案的諮商經驗以蒐集資料，並以內容分析方法進行資料分析。研究發現包括：(1)真誠的關心與深度的同理是建立有效諮商關係的關鍵因素，亦是引發個案後續改變的前置性因素；(2)平等的諮商關係能協助個案在諮商歷程中愈來愈自在，也更願意去嘗試不同的問題解決方法；(3)諮商心理師讓個案愈清楚知道其意圖與感受，亦即提高透明化程度，能讓個案在獲得充分資訊的情況下，提高自我控制感；以及(4)在信任的諮商關係中倡導系統的改變，是促使個案改變以自我傷害做為因應模式的關鍵因素。最後依據結果進行討論並提出建議以供未來研究與實務工作者參考。

This case study aims to explore the counseling experiences of an adolescent who was bullied for an extended period of time in high school， with the focuses on how he used self-injury behaviors as a coping strategy and how therapeutic relationship factors contributed to the counseling work with this client. A counseling psychologist worked with the client by using the concept of the relational depth over 18 sessions. After the terminal of the counseling， the client was interviewed retrospectively to elicit his recall of the therapy experiences over the entire counseling process. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed in its entirety. The author used content analysis approach to analyze the data. Four facilitative factors were identified based on the data analysis. They include: a) counseling with relational depth to encourage client to engage in different cope strategies in dealing with the bullying instead of selfinjurious behaviors; b) genuine caring and empathy on the part of the counselor; c) an equalitarian clientcounselor relationship; and d) possessing the qualities of transparency and advocacy in the counseling work. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed.