正向語言在焦點解決短期治療的應用與結果—以婚姻困擾之當事人為例

Application and outcome of positive languageused by Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A casestudy of a female’s long-suffering frommarriage

本文旨在瞭解焦點解決短期治療心理師諮商語言對當事人的正向影響為何。「正向語言」意指引發當事人對來談議題產生正向影響的心理師語言。語言在心理諮商中乃是最被普遍運用的介入工具。而焦點解決短期治療心理師，不只將語言視為介入工具，更將語言視為創造新思維新感受的療癒工具。因此本文希冀透過探索心理師諮商語言對當事人來談議題如何產生正向影響的過程，作為了解焦點解決短期治療心理師的「正向語言」為何。本研究對象為婚姻困擾之女性當事人，參與諮商晤談的內容，以及晤談後接受訪談的資料等作為本研究分析對象。本研究方法以對話分析研究與人際歷程回憶訪談法為分析與收集資料的方法。本研究結果發現，當事人在焦點解決短期治療歷程中所受到的正向影響為：（一）在心理師藉由跟隨當事人身後一步的諮商語言，得以增進被了解和被尊重的感受，並利於情緒抒解與投入諮商對話；（二）在正向框架的諮商語言中得以將婚姻中負向／因應經驗轉為肯定和接納；（三）在探問期待／改變為何及關係導向問句中，得以擴充對存在的後設認知以及釐清婚姻定向。前述三項正是心理師對賦能式、預設式、擴充式語句的應用。最後，於研究結論對婚姻議題的實務工作提出相關建議。

The purpose of this study is to realize what the positive impact of counselinglanguage used by the counselor of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on theclient. Language has been commonly used as an intervention during counseling. ForSFBT， the counselor tries to develop the possible solution from clients’ expression byleading from on step behind them. To understand the application and outcome ofpositive language in SFBT， this study explored the counseling dialogue and client’sthought and emotion relative to counselor’s language by the way including bothdialogue analysis and Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR). The findings of thisexploration include: (1) Empowerment language used by counselor could improveclient’s self-conception more positive than before. (2) The language of positivepresupposition used by counselor could help client transform their negativeself-perception to positive self-perception. (3) The language of expansibility appliedby the question about desire could help client create new thinking never emergedbefore. Finally， the suggestions for further studies were given.