華語顏色詞彙表現與相關因素之研究

A Study on Mandarin Color-Term Performance and Relevant Factors

本研究旨在探究華語顏色詞彙表現，並討論性別、年紀與職業相關因素之可能影響。研究參與者依此三變數分為三大組：性別（男vs.女）、年紀（青年、壯年與老年）與職業（藝術／顏色相關與否），參加兩項華語顏色詞彙測驗：一為自由提列測驗，另一為色卡命名測驗。研究分析將華語顏色詞彙表現分為數類別加以比較與討論，並透過統計分析檢驗各組於顏色詞各類別表現是否達顯著差異。研究結果顯示：性別差異方面，女性參與者於色卡命名測驗中，顯著使用較多精細顏色詞與修飾詞。考量年紀因素，青年參與者於兩項華語顏色詞彙測驗中，顯著使用較多的次要詞，但較少的修飾詞。至於職業因素，兩組（藝術／顏色相關與否）表現並無顯著差異。測驗題型效應也列入結果討論。最後，本文闡述現今當代華語顏色詞彙表現使用趨勢與相關因素，並提出未來相關教學啟示。

This paper investigates the effects of gender, age and profession on the performance of Mandarin color terms. Participants were divided into three groups according to three variables: gender, age and profession (art/color-related vs. non-art/color-related). These participants took on a free-listing task and a color-naming task, providing the color names in Mandarin. The results showed that, in terms of gender differences, women used significantly more elaborate color terms than men did in the color-naming task, especially in the category of modified terms. Taking the variable of age into consideration, younger participants made significantly more use of secondary terms, but significantly less use of modified terms than the middle and older groups in both tasks. As for profession, no significant difference appeared to exist between the participants with art/color-related and those with non-art/color-related backgrounds in both tasks. Task effect was additionally examined and discussed. Finally, this paper further elaborates the current usage of Mandarin color terms and offers some certain pedagogical implications.