優秀女子輪椅網球運動員壓力之質性研究

Qualitative Research on Distinguished Women Wheelchair Tennis Athletes5 Stress

本研究的目的在探討優秀女子輪椅網球運動員，擔任國手時的壓力來源及壓 力管理方法。本研究採用質性研究的訪談法，以半結構式的訪談來收集資料。研 究參與者為三位參與2014仁川亞帕運輪椅網球項目之女子運動員。訪談過程使 用標準化的訪談大綱並全程錄音，以紮根理論的資料分析法來分析資料，並以三 角檢核來檢驗資料的信實度。研究的結果顯示：輪椅網球選手擔任國手時的壓力 來源可歸納為社會期待、比賽環境及内在壓力三個主題。本研究獲得的結論為： 一、女性肢體障礙者透過輪椅網球運動競賽的參與，可以平衡雙重弱勢的情境， 但此運動在媒體報導部分仍屬弱勢。二、女子輪椅網球選手的環境壓力為溫差、 飲食及疫情等。三、女子輪椅網球選手比賽前内在壓力來源為：（一）賽事規模； (二）對手實力；（三）社會對成績的期待；（四）自我對成績的期許；（五） 代表國家。四、女子輪椅網球選手比賽中的壓力來源為：（一）對手表現優秀； (二）自我表現不佳；（三）非受迫性失誤；（四）比數落後。五、女子輪椅網 球選手壓力因應策略為：（一）正向思考；（二）自我對話；（三）調整節奏； (四）專注力提升；（五）意象的運用。

This study explores distinguished women wheelchair tennis athletes’ sources of stress and their stress management as national athletes. This study adopts the interview method of qualitative research and collects data by semi-structural interviews. The participants are women athletes who participated in wheelchair tennis at Incheon 2014 Asian Para Games. During the interview process， the study applied a standardized interview outline and recorded the whole interview. It analyzed the data by the data analysis method of grounded theory and tested data reliability by triangulation. According to the research findings， wheelchair tennis athletes’ sources of stress when being national athletes are social expectation， environment of the game， and internal stress. We present the following conclusions. (1) By participating in wheelchair tennis games， female physical handicapped athletes can balance their double disadvantage situations. However， the sport is still not often reported by the media. (2) Women wheelchair tennis athletes’ sources of environmental stress are temperature difference， food， and epidemic situation. (3) Women wheelchair tennis athletes’ sources of internal stress before the game are scale of game， competitor’s capacity， social expectation toward the result， personal expectation toward the result， and being a national representative. (4) Women wheelchair tennis athletes’ sources of stress in the game are below their competitor’s distinguished performance， personal inferior performance， unforced fault， and falling behind in the score. (5) Women wheelchair tennis athletes’ strategies in response to stress are positive thinking， self-dialogue， regulation of tempo， enhanced concentration， and use of image.