感恩到幸福：從復原力探討感恩與心理健康之關係

From Gratitude to Bliss: The Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Gratitude and Mental Healt

正向心理學的研究顯示，在正向特質當中，感恩對於人的心理健康具有正向影響，但感恩在邁向心理健康之中介因子及路徑尚有待進一步完善。研究目的：本研究旨在以復原力為中介變項，強調感恩對於正、負向心理健康都具有積極作用的特性，分析感恩與心理健康之關係。研究方法：在心理健康方面，採用正負向指標，分別為「幸福感」與「壓力知覺」，以結構方程式模型（SEM）檢驗感恩、復原力與正負向心理健康之路徑。研究對象為馬來西亞北中南6間獨立中學209位教職員，採問卷調查法蒐集資料，測量變項包括感恩、復原力、心理健康（幸福感、壓力知覺），研究工具包含「大學生感恩量表」、「復原力量表」、「幸福感量表」以及「壓力知覺量表」。研究結果與結論：結果顯示假設之模型成立，（1）從感恩到幸福感之間，復原力具有顯著中介效果；（2）感恩到壓力知覺之間，復原力具顯著且高度的中介效果；（3）感恩可經由復原力，再到壓力知覺之緩解，間接帶來幸福感。此結果意涵可提供未來研究及實務參考運用之方向。 Gratitude has been considered as an important trait in predicting people’s mental health in the studies of positive psychology. However, the path between gratitude and mental health is still unclear and needs to be further examined. Purpose: The present study wanted to emphasize that gratitude can beneficially affect people’s positive and negative mental status simultaneously. And it would like to know if resilience, as a potential mediator that has the same characteristic as gratitude, could fully explain the relationship between gratitude and mental health. Method: This study adopted both “well-being” and “perceived stress” which represented positive and negative indicators of mental health to investigate multiple routes among gratitude, resilience, and mental health. Survey data were collected from 209 staff of six Chinese independent high schools in Malaysia. It measured participants’ gratitude, resilience, well-being, and perceived stress by using relevant survey tools. Results and Conclusion: The results from structural equation modeling analyses suggested that: 1) resilience could significantly mediate the relationship between gratitude and well-being; 2) resilience could significantly and highly mediate the relationship between gratitude and perceived stress; 3) gratitude could go through resilience and perceived stress to increase subjective well-being. Possible explanations and implications of results were discussed.