Empowerment衍生 概念之發展與引用

The Developments and Citations for the Extended Concepts of Empowerment

empowerment形成眾多的衍生概念，影響教育領導與管理實務和研究甚 鉅，目前對這些衍生概念發展情形的理解有限。論者對這些衍生概念提出許 多的中譯名稱，不同譯名表示對概念意涵的獨特看法，造成應用時的困難。因 此，本研究聚焦探討empowerment衍生概念，指出標準形式、概念特性、合理 意義、應用價值等四項判斷條件，提出包括五類概念的兩層級empowerment衍 生概念體系。經檢索多個中文和外文研究文獻資料庫，提出154個衍生概念及 其中譯名稱，也發現臺灣和大陸地區研究者探討了其中57.14%的衍生概念。再 藉助文獻計量分析軟體分析Google Scholar文獻資料庫，整理出全部衍生概念的 被引用資訊，集群分析和區別分析考驗顯示可分成兩群，進而提出受重視的 empowerment衍生概念。另根據各衍生概念的發表時間，建立發展狀態圖，提 出五階段發展觀點，說明empowerment衍生概念增長呈現衰退趨勢。

Various extended concepts based on empowerment have emerged that have produced large impacts on the practices and researches of educational leadership and management. But nowadays the understandings on the developments about the extended concepts of empowerment are limited. Several scholars proposed various Chinese translations about the extended concepts of empowerment which represented many unique views， and it caused some difficulties in applying these concepts. Thus the study focused on exploring the extended concepts of empowerment. Four requirements which included standard form， ideal characteristic， reasonable meaning and applicable value， were proposed for judging the extended concepts of empowerment. A multi-layer with five category system to illustrate the extended concepts of empowerment was also discussed. Moreover 154 extended concepts of empowerment with Chinese translations were proposed by retrieving some database which collected research literatures in Chinese and other languages. The scholars in Taiwan and Mainland China have discussed the 57.14% extended concepts. Based upon using Bibliometrics analytic software to retrieve the Google Scholar database， the related citation information about the whole of the extended concepts of empowerment was presented. According to cluster analysis and discriminate analysis， total extended concepts could divide into two clusters. Some noticeable extended concepts of empowerment based on previous results of cluster analysis were submitted. Finally based on the emerged time about the extended concepts of empowerment， the developmental mapping of whole extended concepts was discussed. The five-stage developmental viewpoint to illustrate the extended concepts of empowerment was proposed， and the declined trend about growing the extended concepts in future was illustrated.