戰爭、身分認同與雙重種族：韓素音的《殘樹》

War, Identity and Biraciality: Han Suyin's The Crippled Tree

本篇論文旨在討論生長於戰亂時期中國的歐亞混血作家韓素音對於自己的身分認同與傷痕的探索。在韓素音的自傳系列裡，自我追尋是一個相當重要的主題，而這旅程則起始於《殘樹》。因故事背景設定於戰亂之中，作者的身分認同議題從而更加複雜。韓素音描述了成長時期身處的大時代，當時正值西方霸權與日本侵華，故事主角羅莎莉（Rosalie）的母親因來自比利時，連帶成為中國人仇視的對象，所以即使已生育混血子女，仍無法融入中國社會，更因為放棄原本國籍無法回歸歐洲。西方霸權對於中國的殖民不僅讓中國人受害，也同時傷害了與中國人與婚姻關係的西方人，以及他們的後代。作為一個歐亞混血兒，羅莎莉自小即必須面對種族間對立的衝突，但是她從未被擊倒，反而更加努力找尋自我存在的意義。曾經擁有分裂自我的敘事者羅莎莉經由擁抱雙重族裔以避免心靈的殘缺，而同時站在東西方的角度思考，羅莎莉認識了她擁有的優勢。越過種族與國家邊界，韓素音宣告並證明了自己乃是一個真正的跨國界作家。

This paper examines how the Eurasian writer Han Suyin, being born and raised in wartime China, explores her own trauma and identity. One important theme of Han's biographies lies in the quest of selfhood, and she begins the journey from The Crippled Tree. Setting her story against the backdrop of turbulence and violence, the author makes the issue of identity even more problematic. Han writes about the Western and Japanese exploitation of China, which she compares to the colonized Africa and Latin America. In fact, the condition of China then was even worse than a colony since it was divided among several foreign forces - The “guerilla tactics of finance” of the colonial powers brought the ruin of the economic base of China, including the business owned by the protagonist's family (125). In this biography, the Western invasion has turned the Chinese people against the heroine's Belgian mother, an exile who gave up her original nationality after marriage and was then unable to return to Europe; even though she married into a Chinese family and gave birth to eight mixed race children, she never felt a sense of belonging in China, where the native people regarded her as an alien and an enemy. The Western colonialism in China victimized the Chinese people, Europeans who married them, and also Eurasians of Chinese blood. Mainly because of her biracial background, the protagonist Rosalie develops compassion for “a host of Others,” such as mistreated animals and Chinese beggars, who are the objects of distaste. As a Eurasian, she was forced to confront the conflicts resulting from her doubleness. However, instead of being knocked down by her inner struggles, she endeavoured to find her meaning of existence. The once split and fragmented narrator avoided the “crippled” state by embracing her dual racial heritages and transforming the attacks into her own pride. Thinking from both Western and Eastern standpoints, the author has proved the privilege of being a mixed race child; traversing racial boundaries and moving about around the world, Han Suyin has manifested her status as a real international writer.