Egan諮商模式初始階段中諮商師之關鍵性問句初探

A Pilot Study of the Counselor's Key Questions in the Initial Stage Using Egan's Counseling Model

諮商歷程研究致力於了解在諮商歷程中，諮商師和當事人內在與外在反應的變化和互動關聯。諮商師如何從諮商的脈絡發展中尋找關鍵性問句，讓當事人因此可以更快速地了解到自我的問題，故而選取Egan模式做為本研究之重心，以了解諮商師於案例書寫中所獲得之關鍵性問句與意圖。本研究選取2位準諮商師和2位具有心理師執照一年以上者，進行二個完整案例之書寫。4位諮商師於案例書寫完畢後48小時內進行焦點訪談，共蒐集到4份書寫案例文本、2份個別訪談逐字稿和1份焦點訪談資料。依現象學方式進行分析，獲得以下結果：（1）關鍵性問句：共得到24句關鍵性問句，依Egan模式，綜合可得4個次類別，再將次類別予以歸類為互動技巧（基本態度、基本諮商技巧）、反映技巧（案主需求覺察、改變可能性）等2類別。（2）意圖：共得到32個意圖，依Egan模式，綜合可得4個次類別，再將次類別予以歸類為互動支持（支持同理、增進了解）、覺察檢視（自我覺察、增加自信與能力）等2種意圖類別。鑑於上述結果，提出相關討論與建議，以作為日後從事相關研究之參考。

Counseling process research is dedicated to understanding the changes of internal and external reactions and interactions between the counselor and the client in the course of counseling. The aim of this study was to understand how the counselor finds the key questions from the counseling process so that the client can understand their own problems more quickly. Egan's counseling model was selected as the focus of this study in order to understand the key questions and intentions of the counselor. This study selected two junior counselors and two psychologists who have been licensed for more than a year to write two case reports. Focused interviews were conducted with these four therapists within 48 hours of completing their case reports. A total of four written cases, two transcripts of individual interviews, and afocused interview material were collected and analyzed using the phenomenological approach which yielded the following results: (1) Key questions: 24 key questions were obtained. According to Egan's counseling model, four subcategories were extracted and were further classified into interactive skills (basic attitudes, basic counseling skills) and reflecting skills (client's awareness of needs, the possibility of change). (2) Intentions: 32 intentions were obtained. According to Egan's counseling model, four categories were identified and were further classified into interactive support (empathy, facilitating understanding) and perception checking (self-awareness, enhancing self-confidence and capacity). Discussions and suggestions for future research directions are provided based on the findings.