迪尔凯姆与教育社会学的创建

Emile Durkheim and the Origin of Sociology of Education

作为教育社会学之父的迪尔凯姆不仅创立了教育社会学这样一门学科，而且还从理论上深人探讨了 教育社会学的学科性质、学科边界与研究视角。迪尔凯姆认为，教育社会学就是研究个体社会化的学科，应该积极 参与到教育实践和教育改革之中。教育社会学要通过对教育现象的过去和现在进行描述，寻求教育现象的起因并 确定其功能。在《教育与社会学》《教育思想的演进》《道德教育》等一系列经典著作中，迪尔凯姆熟练地运用比较、 历史分析等方法开展具体研究，为教育社会学研究提供了经典范例。

As the father of the sociology of education， Emile Durkheim not only established the sociol- ogy of education， but also theoretically explored the nature， boundaries and research perspective of the discipline in depth. Durkheim thought that educational sociology is a discipline that studies individual socialization and should actively participate in educational practice and educational reform . It is proposed that educational sociology should describe the past and present of educational phenomena and seek the causes of educational phenomena . And determine its function . In a series of classic works such as Education and Sociology， The Evolution of Education Thought： Lectures on the Formation， and Development of Secondary Education in France， Moral Education： A Study in the Theory an Application of the Sociology of Education， Emile Durkheim conducted research using comparative and historical analysis and other methods skillfully and provided classic examples for the research of sociology of education.