分布式領導在學校行政應用之探討

A Study on the Practice of Distributed Leadership in School Administration

本文旨在探討分布式領導在學校行政上之應用，就分布式領導之起源、發展、定義、特徵、類型與功能等面向之相關文獻進行分析，以探究分布式領導提倡的重要理念及其在學校教育現場的運用情形，並歸納在學校行政領域推動分布式領導的作法。分布式領導為學校行政經常運用的領導行為之一，傳統英雄式領導主張單一領導者權威逐漸式微，取而代之的是學校領導人將權力分配給教師、家長與學生，兼顧個人需求及組織目標的達成。分布式領導在學校行政的現況與展望包括：教育領導人運用分布式領導將影響學生學習表現；分布式領導能夠順應多元文化主義與民主化潮流；開放且信任的校園特質能促進分布式領導在學校組織文化的交互作用；分布式領導中賦權增能原理的應用為教導型組織理論的實踐；分布式領導賦權的同時應明確課予績效責任；分布式領導及各種領導作為仍應重視正式領導者功能並視情境及狀況適當運用；運用分布式領導仍須考量學校現況與教育目標而有所權變。

This paper is aim to explore the practice of distributed leadership in school administration， analyze the origin， development， definition， characteristics， types and functions of distributed leadership， to explore the important concepts advocated by distributed leadership and their practice in school education， and summarizes the practice of promoting distributed leadership in school administration. Distributed leadership is often used by school administration， since the gradual decline of the single leader’s authority， instead， school leaders will assign authority to the teachers， parents and students， taking into account the individual needs and organizational goals reached. The practice of distributed leadership in school administration is as follows: using the distributed leadership will affect students’ learning performance; distributed leadership is correspond to the trend of multiculturalism and democratization; open and trusted campus atmosphere can facilitate the interaction of distributed leadership in school; empowerment should lead to accountability by using the distributed leadership; empowerment is achieve the teaching organization; distributed leadership and other leadership behaviors must be change in multiple situations and attach importance to the official leader; the use of distributed leadership still needs to change on the different goal of school education.