基础教育资源分配的 城乡差异及其社会后果——基于中国教育统计数据的分析

The Rural-urban Differences in Resources Allocation of Basic Education and Its Social Consequence ： Base on the Analysis of China ’ s Education Statistics

Based on the national education statistics of 2003 and 2013 ， this paper aims to make compam- son between China，s urban and rural areas in basic education resource allocation， its development and the urban-rural differences. The comparison shows that the rural basic education resources lag behind in faculty， books ， and computers. Moreover ， the urban-rural gap in pre-school education and high school education is broadening ， which has probably become the most hazardous issue in China，s basic education. Therefore ， only emphasizing on the urban-rural balance in compulsor education won ， t help address the situation of une- qual educational opportunities for rral children. This paper focuses on the potential social consequences caused by such disparity. The 11 education chain＂ refers to the complete sequence of education nodes ranging from basic education to higher education and it contributes to the understanding of possible education path choices at individual and family level. In summary， the urban-rural differences in allocating basic education resources can cause at least three consequences as follows ： A. Influence on rural students. Compared with urban students，rural students ’ academic performance is poor and the completion rate of “education chain” is much lower，affected by disproportionate distribution of educational resources. B. Influence on educational equity. The rural-urban disparity in basic education resources centers on the period of high school，which is regarded as the last “opportunity” to transferfrom basic education into higher education in the “ education chain”. Therefore，it is biased to attribute the inferor position of rural students ’ access to higher education to the inequitable urban-rural higher education. The key factor is the inequitable urban-rural enrolling opportunity in secondary education. The urban-rural inequality of access to senior sec- ondar education from junior secondary school continues to expand， resulting in the decline of opportunities for rural students ’ admission to college. Its root cause lies in the disparty between rral and urban basic edu- cation resources allocation. C. Influence on rural education. Due to the huge urban-rural difference in education resources， individuals and families have to come to realize that the sooner they choose urban education， the more likely they will finish the whole “education chain”. As a consequence，they tend to use all sorts of capital reasonably to achieve children， s fulfillment of ^education chain” in the city，which directly lead to the loss of rral student pool. Although great achievements have been made in China，s rural basic education in the past 30 years，the urban-rural difference and its negative effects remain to be the bottleneck of basic education and block the progress of social development. The distribution of urban and rral basic education resources reflects the imbalance between urban and rral interest structure in China，s society，and eliminating such negative effects de- pends on breaking the dual social structure in urban and rural areas.