青少年時期親子關係滿意度的變化：生態脈絡的影響

Changes in Parent-Child Relationship Satisfaction During Adolescence: The Effects of Ecological Contexts

本研究探討在青少年時期，青少年知覺親子關係滿意度的變化軌跡，同時，本研究也檢視生態脈 絡因素變化（包括知覺父母教養行為、知覺父母婚姻關係、朋友支持、學業成績）對於親子關係 滿意度變化的影響。本研究以成長曲線模式進行分析，採用次級資料分析法，使用「台灣青少年 成長歷程研究」中第一、三、六波作為分析的資料，共1226 人完整填寫三波的問卷。本研究結 果顯示，青少年知覺親子關係滿意度由國中7 年級至高中3 年級呈直線下降。此外，青少年知覺 父母教養行為、知覺父母婚姻關係的變化與父親和母親親子關係的變化有所關聯。隨著時間的推 移，青少年知覺父母越多採用說明理由、監督教養行為，越少採用體罰教養行為，其與父親和母 親關係滿意程度越高。同時，青少年知覺父母婚姻快樂程度越高，其與父親和母親關係滿意程度 越高。青少年知覺朋友支持及學業成績的變化與母親關係滿意度的變化有關，但與父親關係滿意 度的變化無關。本研究結果或許可以增進青少年親子關係變化的理論知識，並提供實務運用上的 參考。

This study estimated the trajectory of changes in parent-child relationship satisfaction during adolescence over time. In addition， this study examined the effects of ecological contextual changes (including adolescent perceptions of parenting practices， the quality of parental marital relations， friends’ support， and school grades) on changes in parent-child relationship satisfaction. The data used in this study was drawn from wave 1， 3 and 6 in the Taiwan Youth Project (TYP)， and a total of 1226 students completed 3 waves of data collection. The results of the growth curve models showed that parent-child relationship satisfaction significantly declined when the adolescent was in between 7th grade of middle school and the junior year of high school. Changes in parenting practices and parent’s marital satisfaction perceived by adolescents were associated with changes in father-child and mother-child relationship satisfaction. Adolescents who perceived their parents used more inductive reasoning， more monitoring behaviors， and less physical punishment were more likely to have a good relationship with their parents. Also， adolescents who perceived their parents had a satisfying marriage tended to have a better quality relationship with their parents. Changes in friends’ support and school grades were associated with changes in mother-child relationship satisfaction but not associated with changes in father-child relationship satisfaction. The findings of this study advance theoretical understanding of how parent-child relationships change during adolescence and provide some implications for practical application.