從「符號席黛爾」到〈夏洛特夫人〉 ——席黛爾的創作歷程初探

From “Symbol Siddal” to “Lady of Shalott” --A Preliminary Study of Siddal’s Creative process

伊莉莎白•埃莉諾•席黛爾爲十九世紀英國維多利亞女王時期拉斐爾前派 女藝術家。外表美麗出衆的她富有才華，同時還是模特兒、詩人。當時，拉斐 爾前派出現「符號席黛爾」現象，男性藝術家們紛紛將席黛爾的面貌入畫，因 此大量的人像畫都以她爲畫面主角。 席黛爾成爲拉斐爾前派廣受歡迎的模特兒，她也學習繪畫，留下許多用筆 細腻的小幅作品。其畫作有素描、水彩、油畫，多以人物呈現，題材取自文 學、詩歌，表現在時代壓抑下的女性思想，以歌頌永恒的愛情及渴望，展現真 摯獨特的情感。然而，她一生卻歷經了肺病纏身、愛情不順遂、流産等生活困 境，在心理傷痛、鴉片成瘾下自殺死亡，結束其曲折且短暫的33歲人生。 本文討論席黛爾的經歷，女畫家由模特兒工作踏入拉斐爾前派藝術圈，從 一位被創作者成爲創作者。而後探究由席黛爾外貌而生成的藝術作品以及她本 身的創作，並比較其與拉斐爾前派藝術家們以丁尼生著名詩篇〈夏洛特夫人〉 爲創作主題的作品，從圖像解析她繪畫中的思維，探析其存在的特殊性。

Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal was a British Pre-Raphaelite female artist in the 19th century，Victorian era. Siddal was not only a gorgeous and talented artist，but also a model as well as a poet. “Symbol Siddal” phenomenon emerged among Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood while many male artists painted Siddal’s feature in their artworks. As a consequence，a sizeable quantity of portrait that Siddal was played as protagonist left. Siddal also learned painting and left lots of small artworks that were exquisite. Most of Siddal ’ s artworks were portraits and were themed either from literature or poetry in oil color，watercolor，pencil sketch and ink sketch. Her paintings expressed the thought of female under the repressive time to praise the desire and eternal love that conveyed sincere and unique emotions. Suffered from multiple issues such as lung disease， miscarriage， unfortunate love and depression， Siddal addicted to laudanum and committed a suicide at age 33，ending up her short life. This article discusses the shift of Siddal ’ s experience from working as a model in the Pre-Raphaelite art circle to being as a creator， aiming to examine artworks that were painted her features and painted by her，to compare Siddal ’ s painting with other Pre-Raphaelite artists’paintings that were about the theme of Tennyson’s famous poem “ Lady of Shalott”， and to analyze the thinking of Siddal’s image from painting and its particularity.