臺灣身心障礙青少年健康與快樂感之縱貫性研究

A Longitudinal Study of Health and Happiness in Taiwanese Adolescents with Disabilities

本研究旨在探討身心障礙青少年健康與快樂感之關聯性及發展變化，並細究性別對快樂感之差異性。本研究採用縱貫性調查，以特殊教育長期追蹤資料庫 2010 年、2012 年及2013 年之身心障礙學生資料，三個時間點的重覆測量，共計 830 位固定樣本追蹤資料。以交叉延宕模型以及潛在成長曲線模型進行資料分析。研究結果發現：(1)從交叉延宕模型分析結果，健康與快樂感存在相互影響效應；(2)身心障礙青少年健康起始狀態與健康成長速率具有預測效應，性別對快樂感起始狀態與成長率無顯著差異；(3)健康對快樂感有因果關係之影響，健康初始狀態與成長率對於快樂感之初始狀態與成長速率有顯著正向效果。

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between health and happiness, developmental changes, and happiness for gender differences in adolescents with disabilities. Using a longitudinal approach, panel sample data were collected from 830 senior high school students with the special needs education longitudinal study (SNELS) in three waves in 2010, 2012, and 2013. Data analysis was performed using the autoregressive cross-lagged model (ARCL) and the latent growth curve model (LGCM). Results showed the following: (a) The results of the analysis with autoregressive cross-lagged model, health and happiness indicated a mutually influential relationship. (b) The initial state of health could forecast the growth rate of health for adolescents with disabilities, gender had not sig-nificant impacts on the initial status and the growth rates of happiness. (c) Health revealed a causal relationship with the effects of happiness, the initial state and growth rate of health exerted significantly positive effects on the initial state and growth rate of happiness. This paper presents suggestions based on the study results.