英譯台灣小說選集的編選史研究——從1960年代到1990年代

A Study on Taiwan Short Story Translation Anthologies—From the 1960s to 1990s

從1960年代初期美國新聞處資助吳魯芹、殷張蘭熙與聶華苓等人編輯數本台灣小說選集，將其翻譯成英文，並由HeritagePress出版以來，英譯台灣小說選集的發展已經有超過半個世紀的光景。本研究以王德威於1990年發表的英譯台灣小說選集研究論文為考察起點，去了解選集編選方式所反映出的「台灣形象」問題，繼而從翻譯研究學者勒菲弗爾的「贊助者」觀念出發，進一步探究英譯台灣小說選集所涉及的意識型態與詩學問題。其次則是釐清台灣小說英譯選集的翻譯史脈絡，歸納出編選方式的歷史發展從1960年代開始到1990年代的幾十年間，包括了「新自由中國選集」、「斷代史選集」與「主題探索選集」等三大發展主軸。本研究的結論是，直到「斷代史選集」的發展階段，才開始有英譯台灣小說選集的編選者有意識地與中國文學傳統決裂，也藉此透過各本選集呈現出某種台灣文學的主體性或獨立性。本研究也發現，儘管勒菲弗爾強調意識形態的優先性，但某些選集編選者在編選時卻是帶有強烈的詩學概念，並未受到意識形態之影響。

In the early 1960s, funded by United States Information Agency, several Taiwanese short story anthologies in English anthologized by Lucian Wu, Nancy Ing, and Nieh Hua-ling were published by Heritage Press in Taipei. The anthologies mark the half-century historical development of Taiwanese short stories in the form of translation anthologies. Starting with a conference paper written by David Der-wei Wang in 1990, this study first attempts to understand how athologizers of these collections of translated Taiwanese stories presented different “images of Taiwan,” and then, using André Lefevere's concept of “patronage” in translation studies, to explore further how patrons' ideologies and poetics greatly influenced the way anthologies were anthologized. Taiwanese short story anthologies' historical context will also be combed through in this study, in order to show the three types of anthologies published from the 1960s to the 1990s: that is, “anthologies of Free China,” “anthologies of periodization,” and “anthologies of thematic exploration.” In conclusion, it is worth noting that, from the perspective of historical development, it was not until the “periodization” phase that the athologizers of these Taiwanese story collections consciously attempted to break away from Chinese literary traditions and some sort of subjectivity or independence was thus fully represented through the anthologies. Also, though Lefevere stresses the priority of ideology over poetics, some anthologizers have been greatly influenced by their specific concepts of poetics, rather than the patrons' or their own ideologies.