日本幼稚園教師專業素質之問題與研究   免費試閱

The Study on Professional Quality of Kindergarten Teachers in Japan

日本政府將提升幼稚園教師專業素質列為重要之教師教育政策，但政策實施過程中亦產生教師素質低下、研習體制不完備等問題。因此，本文以文獻分析方式，探討日本幼稚園教師專業素質，分為培育、選任、研習三部分，包括幼稚園教師資培育管道、師資培育課程、教職專業研究所、教師證照換照制度、選考任用、研習之政策和最新動態，以做為我國制定幼稚園教師教育政策時之參考。 由本研究可知，日本幼稚園教師資政策的特色包括：一、塑造幼稚園教師專業形象；二、提供充足的進修管道，建立教師終身學習體制；三、教師培育、選考任用、研習做體系化規劃；四、教師證照換照制度的引進，達到教師專業發展之意義；五、幼稚園教師研習義務化，推動符合資歷與年齡的研習；六、師資培育管道多元化；七、師資培育課程種類豐富化；八、設置教職專業研究所；九、幼稚園教師選考任用之多元性；十、選考任用具有教師經驗者；十一、強調研習可提升教師素質；十二、增加教師研習機會與種類。

The purpose of this paper is to review the history of early childhood teacher education, recruitment of teachers, and in-service education in Japan, and to explore trends in early childhood education there. The paper is composed of three sections: teacher education in university, recruitment and selection of teachers, and in-service teacher education in official institutions. Based on Japan's experiences in kindergarten teacher education, the paper proposes a new policy for early childhood teacher education in Taiwan. This study identifies the following characteristics of Japanese preschool teacher education policy: 1.the shaping of kindergarten teachers' professional image; 2.the provision of sufficient training channels and the establishment of lifelong learning systems for teachers; 3.the systematic planning of teacher training, recruitment, and in-service education; 4.the introduction of a teacher certification exchange system to improve teachers' professional development; 5.the establishment of a responsible kindergarten teachers' learning system and promotion of training which is suited to teachers' experience and age; 6.the diversification of teacher cultivation methods; 7.the enrichment of teacher training course types; 8.the establishment of specialist graduate schools for kindergarten teachers; 9.diversified ways of recruiting kindergarten teachers; 10.the recruitment of people with teaching experience; 11.an emphasis on the role of training in improving teacher quality; 12.an increase in the number of opportunities and types of teacher training.