中国高等教育：在竞争与挑战中实现平衡发展

Achieving Balance among Competing Challenges in Chinese Higher Education

世界各国的教育系统都面临着诸多平衡发展的问题，而且这些挑战在全球化的作用下变得愈加严峻。中国的情况尤其如此。各国所面临的主要挑战包括：实现公平、质量与效率的平衡；通过提供公共资源和加强监管促进私立教育的发展；实现院校自治、学术自由与公共问责的平衡；实现教育系统工具与内在目的和目标的和谐统一；学习借鉴国外优秀经验与发挥本国教育制度和传统的历史优势。在考察上述这些重要政策议题时，我们必须明确以下一些问题：教育改革要实现什幺样的目标？谁发起改革以及谁从中受益？

All countries face a number of daunting balancing acts with regard to their education systems. These challenges are intensified by the convergent forces of globalization and are remarkably dramatic in the case of China. Among the principal challenges are these balancing the competing demands of equity, quality and efficiency; coordinating the contributions of the private sector with public resources and oversight, balancing institutional autonomy and academic freedom with public accountability; achieving a harmony between the instrumental and intrinsic goals and proposes of an education system, drawing upon the best practices of other countries while building on the historic strengths of indigenous educational institutions and traditions. In examining these fundamental policy issues it is necessary to keep in mind these questions to what ends are reforms in education undertaken; who initiates change efforts and who benefits from them; and particularly appropriate to this 15th Annual Conference of CCES, what role can comparative educators play in contributing to more informed policy and enlightened practice.