南非民主化進程中高等教育发展成就与问题審思

Viewing Achievement and Problem of Higher Education Development in the Process of South African Democracy

经过20年的发展历程，南非民主化程度不断提高。在民主化进程中，南非高等教育 发展取得了重大成就，但仍存在一系列亟待解决的问题。本科教育入学率和公平度有所提升但 质量不高；研究生教育公平度有所提升但规模仍显不足；大学学术职业平等性增强但资金短缺 严重；高等教育多样化分层体系初步形成但仍不完善；高等教育机会均等理念得到共识但深层 认识论问题依然存在。南非高等教育发展经验表明：处理好数量、质量、公平、体制和认识论之 间的逻辑关系，并给予末分财政支持，是一个国家高等教育发展的关键所在。

After 20 years of development， the degree of democracy has been increasingly promoted in South Africa. In the process of democracy， higher education development in South Africa has obtained great achievement ，yet it still facing a series of problems to be solved urgently. Enrollment rate and fairness has increased but with poor quality in undergraduate education. Greater progress in equity has been achieved but with low participation in postgraduate education. Academic occupation equality has been promoted but with lack of public funding in universities. The new system of higher education moving towards diversification and stratification has been established initially but with imperfection. In the matter of development ideas of higher education， the idea of opportunity equality has been generally accepted but with the existence of deep epistemological issues. The experi-ence from higher education development in South Africa is as follows ： it is critical for a national higher education development to handle properly the logical relationship among quantity， quality， equality， system and epistemology， along with abundant financial support.