從實驗教材到官方課程──小學社會科板橋模式教材與改編本教科書的發展

From the Transformation of Experimental Materials to Becoming Official Curriculum: The “Banqiao Model” and Adapted Version of Elementary Social Studies Textbook Development

1979~1988 年間，板橋教師研習會發展社會科實驗教材，其後成為全國通行的國立編譯館教科書，這段歷程是臺灣課程史上由「課程編製」轉向「課程發展」的重要里程碑。在此典範轉移中，實驗教材如何轉型為官方課程，國立編譯館與教師研習會成員如何歷經磋商、融合的過程，是本文探討的重點。本研究以1979~1988 年板橋模式實驗教材發展，以及1989~1994 年國立編譯館國小改編本發展作為探討範圍，主要採取口述史方法。細究可發現：由於教材發展的時間正逢解嚴前後的社會轉型期，教科書內容兼容新舊社會的價值觀；由於教師研習會與國立編譯館兩方人員共同參與，改編本呈現學科課程論與經驗論協商與調和的特質。此外，實驗教材所植基的經驗論，雖未能在改編本上充分施展，但其後則與教育部人文社會科指導委員會的社會課程理念結合，為1993 年課程標準下的新社會科奠定基礎。

In the 1980s, Banqiao Teachers in-Service Learning Center developed the elementary social studies experimental materials over the course of a long time. Due to textbook policies, the materials were transformed into the unified version of textbooks. This transformation process was a landmark in Taiwan’s curriculum history, symbolizing a paradigm shift from “curriculum making” to “curriculum development”. How were the experimental materials transformed into official curriculum? How did those with discipline-center curriculum views negotiate with those upholding experientialism during the process? These are the main discussion points of this paper. This study employed oral history, interviewing key persons who participated in Banqiao experimental materials and adapted version of textbooks from 1979 to 1993. The main findings are: (1) Due to social changes resulting from the lifting of Martial Law, the Adapted Version of textbooks contains a mixture of new and old values; (2) the Adapted Version of textbooks represents negotiations between two views: discipline- center and experientialism curriculum; (3) the experientialism which the experimental materials are based on blended with the social studies curriculum ideas of “Human and Social Science Committee” and then became the foundation of the 1993 Elementary Social Studies Curriculum Standard.