“新常态”下中国教育财政投入的可持续性与制度转型

The Sustainability of Fiscal Educational Input and Institutional Transformation in China under the %22New Normal%22

高水平的教育财政投入是教育优先发展战略地位的重要物质保障。近期中国教育财政投入实现了“超常规”的快速增长，超额完成了二十年前提出的“4%目标”，但是制约教育财政投入的体制格局并未发生实质性的转变。更为严峻的是，经济发展“新常态”下，政府财政收入增幅迅速下降，人口结构转换导致政策优先议程重置，以及淡化支出挂钩等宏观财政体制改革，都将对传统体制下教育财政投入的持续增加形成挑战。进一步的国际比较显示，当前中国教育财政投入水平依然低于主要发达国家和发展中国家均值，未来仍需加大教育财政投入力度。然而，“4%目标”的实现几乎达到了传统教育财政体制和治理机制的制度极限，要保障未来教育财政投入水平持续提高，必须着力于推动教育财政制度的战略性转型。

A high level of fiscal input in education is the important material guarantee of the strategic priority position of educational development. The recent abnormal increase in fiscal input in education in China has rendered the country beating its 4% target set twenty years ago. However， the essential system pattern that restricts education investment has not undergone substantive changes. What's more serious， under the New Normal， the growth rate of fiscal revenue drops， policy priority shifts as the demographic structure is changing， and the macro fiscal system reforms， which combine to pose great challenges to further increase fiscal input in education. In addition， based on international comparison， the level of fiscal input in education of China is still lower than those of the main developed and developing countries， indicating that China needs to further strengthen its education investment. In the future， to enhance the level of fiscal educational input on a steady basis， it is imperative to strategically transform the traditional education financial system..